Molded pulp is one of the oldest sustainable packaging materials - and one of the most rapidly evolving. What began in 1903 as a humble egg carton has grown into a multi-billion-dollar global industry, producing everything from disposable coffee cup sleeves to precision electronics inserts for iPhones. The story of molded pulp is a story of innovation, adaptation, and resilience - a material that was nearly forgotten during the plastic era, only to reemerge as a leading solution to the global plastic waste crisis. In this article, we trace the complete history and evolution of molded pulp tray packaging - from its invention in the early 1900s, through its industrial expansion in the mid-20th century, its decline during the plastic era, its renaissance in the sustainability age, and its current trajectory toward high-tech, high-performance applications. Along the way, we'll highlight the key milestones, technology breakthroughs, industry leaders, and societal trends that shaped the material into what it is today - and what it's becoming tomorrow.
The Invention: 1903-1920s
The egg carton is born. The story of molded pulp begins in 1903, when an American named Thomas Sullivan - not to be confused with the tea bag inventor of the same name - received a patent for a "paper egg carton" made from molded paper pulp. Sullivan, a newspaper editor and inventor from Vancouver, Washington, was inspired by the problem of egg breakage during transport. At the time, eggs were shipped in wooden crates with straw or sawdust bedding - a messy, inefficient system that resulted in high breakage rates (often 10-20%) and contamination. Sullivan's invention was a revelation: a paper tray with individual egg-shaped pockets, formed by depositing paper fibers on a mesh mold using vacuum suction. The tray was lightweight, cheap, disposable, and - most importantly - dramatically reduced egg breakage.
How the original process worked. Sullivan's original process was remarkably similar to today's transfer-molded process: (1) waste paper was broken down into a pulp slurry in water; (2) a mesh mold in the shape of an egg carton was dipped into the slurry; (3) vacuum suction deposited fibers on the mold surface; (4) the mold was lifted out and the wet carton was transferred to a drying mold; (5) the carton was air-dried and removed from the mold. The basic principles - pulp preparation, vacuum forming, transfer, drying - remain the foundation of molded pulp manufacturing today, over 120 years later.
Early adoption and competition. The egg carton was an immediate success. By the 1910s, molded pulp egg cartons were being produced across the United States and Europe, replacing wooden crates and straw bedding for egg shipping. Several companies entered the market, including the Standard Paper Box Company (which later became part of International Paper) and various regional manufacturers. The early egg cartons were made from recycled newspaper and had a rough, gray surface - a far cry from today's smooth, white, premium molded pulp, but highly functional for their purpose. By the 1920s, molded pulp egg cartons had become the standard for egg packaging in North America and Europe - a position they still hold today, over a century later.
Key milestone: 1903 - Thomas Sullivan patents the molded paper egg carton, founding the molded pulp industry.
Industrial Expansion: 1930s-1950s
The Great Depression and WWII drive innovation. The 1930s and 1940s were a period of rapid innovation and expansion for molded pulp, driven by two major historical events: the Great Depression and World War II. During the Great Depression, molded pulp's low cost (made from waste paper, no expensive raw materials) made it attractive for cost-conscious manufacturers and consumers. During WWII, material shortages (metal, plastic, rubber were rationed for the war effort) led to increased use of paper-based materials, including molded pulp, for industrial and military packaging.
New applications beyond eggs. During this period, molded pulp expanded beyond egg cartons into new applications:
- Produce trays: Molded pulp trays for apples, pears, peaches, and other fruits were developed, replacing wooden crates and reducing bruising during shipping.
- Bottle carriers: Molded pulp carriers for milk bottles, soda bottles, and beer bottles were introduced, providing a lightweight, cheap alternative to wooden or metal carriers.
- Industrial component trays: During WWII, molded pulp trays were used to ship small arms parts, ammunition components, and other military supplies - demonstrating the material's capability for industrial protective packaging.
- Disposable tableware: During the war, molded pulp plates, bowls, and cups were used for military mess halls and civilian rationing - an early precursor to today's molded pulp food service products.
Technology advancements. The 1930s-1950s saw significant technology advancements in molded pulp manufacturing:
- Rotary forming machines: The original reciprocating (single-station) forming machines were replaced by rotary (multi-station) machines that could produce 300-1,000 cycles per hour - dramatically increasing production capacity and reducing per-unit cost.
- Automated drying tunnels: Natural air drying was replaced by automated drying tunnels with controlled temperature and air flow - reducing drying time from hours to minutes and improving consistency.
- Wet strength resins: The development of synthetic wet strength resins (e.g., melamine-formaldehyde, later replaced by more environmentally friendly polyamide-epichlorohydrin) allowed molded pulp to maintain strength when wet - expanding its use in food and beverage applications.
- Improved pulp processing: Advances in pulping technology (refiners, screens, cleaners) improved fiber quality and product consistency - reducing defects and improving surface finish.
Industry growth. By the 1950s, the molded pulp industry had grown into a significant global industry, with hundreds of manufacturers across North America, Europe, and Asia. The material was widely used for egg cartons, produce trays, bottle carriers, and industrial packaging - and it was seen as a modern, efficient, cost-effective packaging solution. The future looked bright for molded pulp - but a new material was about to change everything.
Key milestones: 1930s - Rotary forming machines introduced; 1940s - WWII drives industrial and military applications; 1950s - Wet strength resins and automated drying tunnels expand capabilities.
The Plastic Era: 1960s-1990s
The rise of plastic. The 1960s marked the beginning of the plastic era - and a period of decline for molded pulp. New plastic materials - polystyrene (PS), expanded polystyrene (EPS foam), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) - were introduced and rapidly adopted for packaging. Plastic offered advantages that molded pulp couldn't match at the time: moisture resistance, transparency, flexibility, durability, and (as production scaled up) very low cost. The 1960s and 1970s saw a massive shift from paper-based packaging (including molded pulp) to plastic packaging - a shift that would take decades to reverse.
Molded pulp's decline. During the plastic era, molded pulp lost significant market share:
- Food service: EPS foam cups, plates, clamshells, and containers replaced molded pulp and paper in fast food restaurants, cafeterias, and takeout. EPS foam was cheaper, lighter, and had better insulation - making it the dominant food service packaging material for decades.
- Electronics: Plastic thermoformed inserts and EPS foam replaced molded pulp for consumer electronics packaging. Plastic offered better precision, smoother surfaces, and moisture resistance - important for premium electronics products.
- Produce: Plastic clamshells and plastic trays replaced molded pulp for berries, salads, and cut produce. Plastic's transparency allowed consumers to see the product, and its moisture resistance prevented sogginess.
- Beverages: Plastic six-pack rings and plastic carriers replaced molded pulp bottle carriers for soda and beer. Plastic rings were cheaper, lighter, and more flexible.
- Industrial: Plastic and foam component trays replaced molded pulp for many industrial applications, offering better precision, ESD options, and moisture resistance.
Molded pulp's remaining strongholds. Despite the decline, molded pulp retained several strongholds during the plastic era:
- Egg cartons: Molded pulp remained the dominant egg packaging material - its low cost and excellent cushioning were hard to beat, and plastic egg cartons never gained significant market share (though they existed in some markets).
- Produce trays for whole fruits: Molded pulp trays for apples, pears, peaches, and other whole fruits remained common - especially for premium fruit where cushioning and presentation were important.
- Heavy-duty industrial packaging: Thick-wall molded pulp remained in use for heavy industrial parts (engine components, castings, machinery) where its strength and low cost were advantageous.
- Disposable medical products: Molded pulp kidney dishes, bedpans, and other single-use medical products remained in use - their disposability and low cost were advantageous for infection control.
Technology stagnation. During the plastic era, molded pulp technology stagnated. With declining market share and limited investment, manufacturers had little incentive to innovate. The basic process - pulp preparation, vacuum forming, transfer, drying - remained largely unchanged from the 1950s. Surface finish was still rough (mesh pattern visible), tolerances were still loose (±0.5-1mm), and the material was still seen as "cheap" and "utilitarian" - not suitable for premium or consumer-facing applications. This perception would persist for decades - and it would take a global environmental crisis to change it.
Key milestones: 1960s - Plastic packaging emerges and begins replacing molded pulp; 1970s-1980s - Molded pulp market share declines significantly; 1990s - Environmental awareness begins to shift perceptions of paper vs. plastic.
The Sustainability Revolution: 2000s-2010s
The environmental awakening. The turn of the 21st century marked the beginning of a profound shift in public and corporate attitudes toward packaging - driven by growing awareness of environmental issues. Several events and trends converged to create the sustainability revolution:
- Plastic pollution awareness: Images of plastic pollution in oceans (the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, discovered in 1997 but widely publicized in the 2000s), marine animals entangled in plastic, and microplastics in the food chain raised public alarm about plastic waste.
- Climate change: Growing scientific consensus about climate change (IPCC reports, Kyoto Protocol 1997, Paris Agreement 2015) led to increased focus on carbon emissions - and packaging, being petroleum-based and energy-intensive, came under scrutiny.
- Corporate sustainability commitments: Major brands began setting sustainability targets - reducing plastic use, increasing recycled content, achieving carbon neutrality. Walmart's "Sustainability 360" initiative (2005), Coca-Cola's "World Without Waste" (2018), and Unilever's "Sustainable Living Plan" (2010) were among the many corporate commitments that drove demand for sustainable packaging alternatives.
- Consumer demand: Consumers, especially millennials and Gen Z, began prioritizing sustainable products and packaging - and were willing to pay more for them. Nielsen's 2015 report found that 66% of global consumers were willing to pay more for sustainable products - a number that has only grown since.
- Regulatory action: Governments began implementing plastic bans, plastic packaging taxes, and extended producer responsibility (EPR) laws - starting with bans on plastic bags in the 2000s, expanding to EPS foam food packaging in the 2010s, and now moving toward broader plastic packaging regulations.
Molded pulp's renaissance. In this context, molded pulp experienced a renaissance. Brands and manufacturers began reevaluating molded pulp as a sustainable alternative to plastic - and they found that the material had evolved significantly during its "decline" period. Several technology advancements, developed quietly during the 1990s and 2000s, now made molded pulp competitive with plastic in many applications:
- Thermoformed (hot-pressed) molded pulp: The development of hot-press technology - compressing the wet product between two heated molds - created a smooth, dense, precise product with a matte, velvet-like surface. This was a game-changer: thermoformed molded pulp had surface quality and precision comparable to plastic, making it suitable for premium and consumer-facing applications.
- Improved barrier coatings: New water-based barrier coatings (for moisture, grease, and oxygen resistance) expanded molded pulp's use in food packaging - including frozen foods, takeout, and produce. These coatings were food-safe, recyclable, and compostable - addressing one of molded pulp's historical weaknesses.
- ESD-safe formulations: The development of ESD-safe molded pulp (with carbon fiber or conductive polymer additives) allowed molded pulp to compete with ESD-safe plastic for electronic component packaging - opening up a large new market.
- Custom colors and printing: Advances in dyeing and printing technology allowed molded pulp to be produced in custom colors and printed with high-quality graphics - making it suitable for branding and retail display.
- Automation and quality control: Modern manufacturing facilities with automated process control, in-line inspection, and statistical process control (SPC) produced consistent, high-quality products - addressing the historical perception of molded pulp as low-quality and inconsistent.
New applications and markets. During the 2000s-2010s, molded pulp expanded into many new applications:
- Consumer electronics: Apple's switch to molded pulp inserts for iPhones (starting with iPhone 12 in 2020, but with earlier adoption for accessories) was a watershed moment - demonstrating that molded pulp could deliver a premium unboxing experience. Samsung, Google, and many other electronics brands followed.
- Cosmetics and personal care: Premium skincare, fragrance, and makeup brands began using thermoformed molded pulp inserts - attracted by the sustainable positioning and premium feel. L'Oreal, Estee Lauder, and many DTC beauty brands adopted molded pulp.
- Food service: As EPS foam bans spread (starting with cities like San Francisco in 2007, expanding to states and countries), molded pulp clamshells, plates, bowls, and cups replaced foam in food service. Major chains like McDonald's, Starbucks, and Chipotle switched to molded pulp or paper alternatives.
- E-commerce: The explosive growth of e-commerce (Amazon, DTC brands) created demand for sustainable protective packaging - and molded pulp inserts, corner protectors, and custom trays filled this need.
- Wine and spirits: DTC wine shipping (accelerated by the pandemic) created demand for protective wine bottle packaging - and molded pulp bottle trays became the standard, achieving breakage rates below 2%.
Industry growth. The molded pulp industry grew rapidly during this period. According to Smithers, the global molded pulp market grew from $2.8 billion in 2010 to $4.8 billion in 2022 - a CAGR of 4.6%. And the growth is accelerating: the market is projected to reach $7.2 billion by 2027 (CAGR 8.4%) and $10-12 billion by 2030. New manufacturers entered the market, existing manufacturers expanded capacity, and investment in molded pulp technology increased significantly.
Key milestones: 2007 - San Francisco bans EPS foam food packaging; 2010s - Thermoformed molded pulp technology matures; 2015 - Paris Agreement accelerates corporate sustainability commitments; 2020 - Apple switches iPhone packaging to molded pulp, a watershed moment for the industry.
The Modern Era: 2020s-Present
Mainstream adoption. Today, molded pulp is no longer a "niche" or "alternative" packaging material - it's mainstream. It's used by the world's largest brands (Apple, Samsung, L'Oreal, Unilever, McDonald's, Coca-Cola), produced by hundreds of manufacturers across every continent, and regulated by international standards (ISO, ASTM, EN). The material has come a long way from its humble beginnings as an egg carton - and it's still evolving rapidly.
Current technology landscape. Today's molded pulp industry offers a range of technologies and capabilities that would have been unimaginable in the plastic era:
- Transfer-molded (standard): The traditional process, still the most common - textured surface, looser tolerances (±0.5-1mm), lower cost. Used for egg cartons, produce trays, industrial packaging, and other functional applications.
- Thermoformed (hot-pressed): The premium process - smooth, matte, velvet-like surface, tight tolerances (±0.2-0.5mm), thin walls (1-2mm), higher cost. Used for electronics, cosmetics, premium food, and other consumer-facing applications.
- Thick-wall: Heavy-duty molded pulp (3-10mm wall thickness) for industrial and heavy-product packaging. High strength, high load capacity, lower cost than metal or wood alternatives.
- ESD-safe: Molded pulp with conductive or static-dissipative additives (surface resistance 10^4-10^9 ohms) for electronic component and device packaging.
- Food-safe: Molded pulp with food-grade fibers, additives, and coatings - compliant with FDA, EFSA, and GB food contact regulations. Available with moisture, grease, and oxygen barrier coatings.
- Custom colors and printing: Molded pulp dyed in custom colors (throughout the material, not just on the surface) and printed with high-quality flexographic, offset, or digital printing using water-based inks.
- Embossing/debossing: Logos, patterns, and textures embossed or debossed during the hot-press stage - creating tactile, premium effects without additional processing.
Current applications. Today, molded pulp is used in a vast range of applications - far beyond its historical strongholds:
- Food and beverage: Egg cartons, produce trays, meat trays, takeout clamshells, plates, bowls, cups, cup sleeves, bottle carriers, wine bottle trays, frozen food trays, bakery trays, berry baskets.
- Consumer electronics: Smartphone inserts, laptop inserts, headphone inserts, smartwatch inserts, accessory trays, component trays, shipping trays, ESD-safe packaging.
- Cosmetics and personal care: Skincare set inserts, perfume inserts, makeup palette inserts, grooming kit inserts, candle packaging, gift sets.
- Medical and pharmaceutical: Surgical instrument trays, medication blister pack inserts, medical device packaging, specimen transport trays, single-use medical products (kidney dishes, bedpans).
- Industrial and automotive: Component trays, engine part packaging, heavy-duty shipping trays, corner protectors, edge protectors, automotive component packaging.
- E-commerce and retail: Custom protective inserts, corner protectors, shipping trays, display trays, gift packaging, subscription box inserts.
- Home and garden: Seed starter pots and trays, plant pots, disposable tableware, storage trays, organization trays.
- Toys and games: Game piece trays, puzzle trays, toy packaging inserts, collectible packaging.
Current industry trends. Several trends are shaping the modern molded pulp industry:
- Capacity expansion: Manufacturers around the world are expanding capacity to meet growing demand - especially in North America and Europe, where capacity has historically been limited. New facilities are being built, existing facilities are being upgraded, and investment is flowing into the industry.
- Technology transfer: Asian manufacturers (where most capacity and expertise is currently located) are sharing technology and expertise with manufacturers in other regions - helping to build global capacity and capability.
- Vertical integration: Some manufacturers are vertically integrating - controlling their own pulp supply, recycling operations, and even forestry or agricultural fiber sources - to ensure consistent raw material supply and reduce environmental impact.
- Brand partnerships: Brands are partnering more closely with molded pulp manufacturers - co-developing packaging solutions, sharing sustainability data, and investing in manufacturer capacity and capability.
- Standardization: Industry associations (IMFA, FPA, AF&PA, CEPI) are developing standards for molded pulp quality, sustainability, compostability, and recyclability - helping to build trust and consistency across the industry.
- Digital transformation: Manufacturers are adopting digital technologies - IoT sensors for process monitoring, AI for quality inspection and process optimization, digital twins for mold design and process simulation - to improve efficiency, quality, and sustainability.
The Future: Where Molded Pulp Is Headed
As we look to the future, several trends and technologies are poised to shape the next chapter of molded pulp's evolution. The material is no longer just replacing plastic - it's evolving into a high-tech, high-performance material with capabilities that plastic can't match.
1. Advanced materials and fiber sources. The future of molded pulp will be shaped by new fiber sources and material formulations:
- Agricultural residues: Wheat straw, rice straw, hemp, bamboo, and other agricultural residues are being explored as alternative fiber sources - reducing dependence on recycled paper and expanding the environmental benefits of molded pulp. These fibers are often cheaper, more abundant, and have a lower carbon footprint than recycled paper.
- Invasive plant species: Some manufacturers are experimenting with fibers from invasive plant species (e.g., water hyacinth, kudzu) - turning an environmental problem into a packaging solution.
- Recycled textiles: Research is underway to use recycled cotton and other textile fibers for molded pulp - diverting textile waste from landfills and creating a new fiber source.
- Nanocellulose: Nanocellulose (cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals) is being explored as a reinforcing additive for molded pulp - improving strength, barrier properties, and surface finish at very low addition levels. Nanocellulose could enable thinner, stronger, more precise molded pulp products in the future.
- Bio-based additives: New bio-based wet strength resins, barrier coatings, and additives are being developed - replacing petroleum-based additives with renewable, compostable alternatives.
2. Smart and active packaging. Molded pulp is evolving from a passive protective material into an active, intelligent packaging medium:
- Integrated sensors: Researchers are developing molded pulp with integrated sensors (temperature, humidity, freshness, tamper) - printed directly on the pulp using conductive inks or embedded during forming. These sensors can monitor product condition during shipping and storage, alerting suppliers and consumers to potential issues.
- Antimicrobial and oxygen-scavenging additives: Active molded pulp with antimicrobial or oxygen-scavenging additives can extend food shelf life and reduce food waste - a major environmental and economic benefit. These additives are being developed for food packaging applications, especially for perishable foods like produce, meat, and baked goods.
- QR codes and digital links: Molded pulp can be printed with QR codes or NFC tags that link to digital content - product information, recycling instructions, brand stories, supply chain traceability. This transforms the packaging from a physical object into a digital touchpoint.
- Time-temperature indicators: For food and pharmaceutical products, molded pulp with integrated time-temperature indicators can show whether the product has been exposed to unsafe temperatures during shipping - improving food safety and reducing waste.
3. Digital manufacturing and 3D printing. Digital manufacturing technologies are transforming how molded pulp products are designed and produced:
- 3D-printed molds: 3D printing is being used to produce prototype molds quickly and cheaply - reducing prototyping time from weeks to days and lowering the barrier to entry for custom molded pulp designs.
- 3D-printed molded pulp: Researchers are developing direct 3D printing of molded pulp - depositing fiber slurry layer by layer to create custom shapes without a mold. This technology is still in its early stages, but it could enable low-volume, highly customized molded pulp products without the cost and lead time of traditional tooling.
- Digital twin simulation: Digital twin technology - creating a virtual replica of the manufacturing process - is being used to optimize mold design, process parameters, and product performance before physical production. This reduces development time, minimizes trial-and-error, and improves first-time-right rates.
- AI-powered quality inspection: Computer vision and machine learning are being used for automated quality inspection - detecting defects (cracks, holes, discoloration, dimensional variation) with higher accuracy and consistency than human inspectors. AI is also being used for process optimization - analyzing production data to identify patterns and optimize parameters for better quality and lower cost.
4. Circular economy leadership. Molded pulp is well-positioned to become a leader in the circular economy transition - and the industry is actively embracing this role:
- Closed-loop recycling: Some manufacturers are developing closed-loop recycling systems - collecting used molded pulp from customers, re-pulping it, and using it to make new molded pulp products. This creates a truly circular system with minimal waste.
- Product reuse systems: For B2B and industrial applications, reusable molded pulp systems (similar to reusable plastic totes) are being developed - where the trays are returned, cleaned, and reused multiple times before recycling. This reduces the environmental impact even further.
- Composting infrastructure: The industry is advocating for and investing in composting infrastructure - both industrial and home composting - to ensure that molded pulp products can be properly composted at end-of-life, rather than ending up in landfill.
- Carbon-negative production: Some manufacturers are working toward carbon-negative production - using renewable energy, carbon sequestration (through bio-based fiber sources), and carbon offset programs to achieve a net-negative carbon footprint. This would make molded pulp not just sustainable, but actively beneficial for the climate.
5. Expanding applications. As molded pulp technology advances, new applications continue to emerge:
- Flexible packaging alternatives: Researchers are developing thin, flexible molded pulp films and laminates - potentially replacing plastic films for applications like snack bags, candy wrappers, and shrink wrap. This is still in the research stage, but it could dramatically expand molded pulp's addressable market.
- Building and construction: Molded pulp panels and components are being explored for building insulation, acoustic panels, and temporary construction materials - leveraging the material's low cost, sustainability, and thermal/acoustic properties.
- Automotive interior components: Some automakers are exploring molded pulp for interior components (door panels, headliners, trunk liners) - replacing plastic and foam with a sustainable, lightweight alternative.
- Personal care products: Molded pulp is being explored for disposable personal care products (diapers, feminine hygiene products, wipes) - replacing plastic and non-woven materials with a compostable alternative.
- 3D packaging structures: Advanced forming and pressing technologies are enabling more complex three-dimensional molded pulp structures - potentially replacing multi-component plastic assemblies with a single molded pulp piece.
The Bottom Line
The history of molded pulp is a story of innovation, adaptation, and resilience. From Thomas Sullivan's 1903 egg carton invention, through the industrial expansion of the mid-20th century, the decline of the plastic era, the renaissance of the sustainability revolution, and the high-tech modern era - molded pulp has continuously evolved to meet the changing needs of society. Today, it's a multi-billion-dollar global industry producing everything from disposable coffee cup sleeves to precision electronics inserts for iPhones - and it's still evolving rapidly, with advanced materials, smart packaging, digital manufacturing, and circular economy innovations on the horizon.
What's remarkable about molded pulp's story is that the fundamental process - pulp preparation, vacuum forming, transfer, drying - has remained essentially unchanged for over 120 years. The innovation has come not from reinventing the process, but from refining it: better fibers, better additives, better molds, better pressing, better drying, better coatings, better quality control. And the material has been reimagined: from a cheap, utilitarian egg carton to a premium, high-tech, sustainable packaging solution that competes with - and in many cases outperforms - plastic.
The future of molded pulp is bright. As plastic bans spread, corporate sustainability commitments deepen, consumer demand grows, and technology advances, molded pulp will continue to expand into new applications and markets. It's no longer just a replacement for plastic - it's a superior material in its own right, with capabilities (compostability, carbon sequestration, antimicrobial properties, sensor integration) that plastic can't match. The egg carton that Thomas Sullivan invented in 1903 was a simple solution to a simple problem - but it planted the seeds for an industry that is now at the forefront of the global transition to sustainable packaging. And the best is yet to come.
At Hesheng, we're proud to be part of molded pulp's ongoing story. For over a decade, we've been manufacturing molded pulp products - from traditional egg cartons and produce trays to high-tech thermoformed electronics inserts and premium cosmetics packaging. We've witnessed the material's evolution firsthand, and we're committed to driving its future - through investment in technology, sustainability, quality, and innovation. We offer end-to-end capabilities - design, tooling, prototyping, testing, transfer-molded and thermoformed production, ESD-safe formulations, food-safe coatings, custom colors, printing, embossing, and quality control - and we're constantly exploring new materials, new technologies, and new applications.
If you're interested in molded pulp - whether you're looking to replace plastic packaging, develop a new product, or learn more about the material's history and future - contact Hesheng's team. We'd be happy to share our knowledge, provide samples, and help you write the next chapter of molded pulp's story. The material has come a long way in 120 years - but its journey is just beginning. Join us.
